She is a charming young maiden, in her adolescence. Nestor - King of Pylos, father of Peisistratus. A very wise and garrulous old man, one of the few survivors of the Trojan War.
He is the first of the Greek epic heroes to be renowned for his brain as well as his brawn. Peisistratus - The gallant young son of Nestor. He is the companion of Telemachus on his journey through the Peloponnesus.
Penelope - The wife of Odysseus. She is serious and industrious, a perfect wife and mother in many aspects. Philoetius - The chief cowherd of Odysseus; he is brave and loyal and, despite his age, stands besides his master during the battle with the suitors. Polyphemus - A one-eyed Cyclops who held Odysseus and his men captive in his cave until he was made drunk and blinded by Odysseus. Poseidon - Younger brother of Zeus, god of the sea and earthquakes, father of Polyphemus.
Because Odysseus is a sailor and must travel home by ship, Poseidon is able to do him much harm. Poseidon bears a grudge against Odysseus because of his rough treatment of Polyphemus. Scylla - A sea monster with six heads whom Odysseus and his crew must pass during their voyage. Sirens - Two beautiful maidens who dwell in a flowery meadow on an island somewhere between that of Circe and of Scylla. They tempt passing mariners to their deaths by their tantalizing songs.
Telemachus - The son of Odysseus and Penelope. He is just entering manhood and is very aware of his duty, and his father's reputation as a hero which he feels he must live up to. Tiresias - The most famous of all Greek seers. The legend was that in compensation for his blindness the gods had given him his awesome visionary powers.
His spirit is consulted by Odysseus in Hades. Zeus - The supreme god and king of Olympus. He is officially neutral in human affairs; his duty is to carry out the will of Destiny, but he is often sympathetic towards humans. Aeaea - The island home of the enchantress Circe. Aeolia - A floating island home of Aeolus, king of the winds. Capri - Island home of the Sirens.
Cicones - A Thracian tribe whose capital was raided by Odysseus and his men after leaving Troy. Hades - The land of the dead. Also known as Tartarus or Klysium. Ithaca - The island kingdom of Odysseus. Off the west coast of mainland Greece. With that event, Homer straight contrasts the end of the Iliad, when heroes attains integrity through death and triumph. This epic follows a war weary Odysseus in his adventure home; his greatest desire being to return to his homeland and family.
Odysseus is painted as a fair and kind King of men as well as a brave and effective warrior. His courage, wisdom, and intelligence drive his quest to return home to be reunited with his wife Penelope, and son Telemachus. Over the span of twenty years, Odysseus, pushed to the limits physically through battle, uses his will and perseverance to come out a hero. Homer highlights the emotional toll Odysseus faced after losing so many of his men in battle only to masterfully regain his family and homeland.
Through this voyage home the Gods put Odysseus through many obstacles, which not only show his heroism but his exceptional wit and bravery 9. On the surface Odysseus is a great leader who is at the same time feared and praised, and considered superior to his men and the suitors in his home 1. The epic poem, The Odyssey, is written by Homer in B.
Time and time again, Odysseus desires to return to Ithaca, the land of his heritage, and he longs to return to his wife, Penelope, and his son, Telemachus. Everything that happens in The Odyssey revolves around this desire, including his mistakes. His cunning, strength, and even divine intervention eventually bring Odysseus home again. Essays Essays FlashCards.
Browse Essays. Bittlestone has been convinced from the start that he was on the right track. In , he traveled to Cephalonia, rented a jeep and began crisscrossing the isthmus, a narrow, rugged neck of land connecting the larger landmass to the Paliki peninsula.
The chasms, up to feet deep in some places, suggested the possible route of an ancient watercourse. Bittlestone had already learned that Cephalonia lay on one of the most unstable geologic fault lines in the world. For eons, the African and Eurasian tectonic plates have been colliding a few miles off the Paliki coast, creating a steady upthrust that periodically explodes in violent earthquakes.
The worst in modern times, in , leveled almost every building on the island, causing 90 percent of its residents to flee. In , Bittlestone contacted John Underhill, a professor of geography at the University of Edinburgh.
Underhill, who has studied the geology of Cephalonia for more than 20 years, told him that geological uplift on such a large scale was impossible. But he was sufficiently intrigued to meet Bittlestone on Cephalonia for a firsthand look. As landslide followed landslide over the centuries, the debris could have extended farther across the isthmus, layer upon layer, to create the rugged hills. Suddenly I thought, crikey, there might really be a channel down there.
The more he looked the more certain he became that Cephalonia had once been two islands. Bittlestone had no doubts. The scale of it is mind-blowing.
Recent follow-up research, announced last year by Bittlestone, Diggle and Underhill, dramatically bolsters the case they are making. Among other findings, teams of international scientists have shown that a foot borehole drilled on the isthmus met no solid limestone—only loose rockfall. A Greek Geological Institute survey pinpointed a submerged marine valley, consistent with a onetime sea channel between modern Paliki and Cephalonia. But attempting to identify actual places that fit a nearly 3,year-old narrative does present problems.
For one, it is by no means certain that individuals in the poem—Odysseus; his wife, Penelope; son, Telemachus; the suitors—ever existed. Gregory Nagy is cautious. We should not force it to be a road map for a set of real events.
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